Does Being Gay Affect Parenting

Over the last several years, as state courts, and in 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court hear cases on whether same-sex marriage is a legal right, a common argument made by those who oppose same-sex marriage has been that a traditional family setting is best for children, and that same-sex parents pose risks to childrens development and well-being by denying them either a mother or a father in the home. This argument trades on stereotypical gender roles and norms, and on the misguided notion that a nuclear family composed of a mother, father, and children living in the same household has ever been the norm. (For research on the reality of family structure, see The Way We Really Are  by Stephanie Coontz.) Social scientists have actually been investigating this claim for several years now, and what they found, overwhelmingly, is that there is no difference in child development, well-being, or outcomes among those raised by same-sex versus different-sex parents.  In fact, the American Sociological Association submitted a report summarizing all of this research in an amicus brief to the Supreme Court in March, 2015, in support of legalizing same-sex marriage. In the report, members of the ASA wrote, The clear and consistent social science consensus is that children raised by same-sex parents fare just as well as children raised by different-sex parents. Decades of methodologically sound social science research, including multiple nationally representative studies and expert evidence introduced in courts around the country, confirm that positive child wellbeing is the product of stability in the relationship between the two parents, stability in the relationship between the parents and the child, and sufficient parental socioeconomic resources. The wellbeing of children does not depend on the sex or sexual orientation of their parents. However, a study published in Demography  in April, 2015 has found that children of same-sex couples actually have a very important advantage over those of different-sex couples: they get more quality face time with their parents. The study, conducted by sociologists Kate Prickett and Robert Crosnoe, and developmental psychologist Alexa Martin-Story, analyzed data from the American Time Use Survey to measure how much time parents spend on child-focused activities daily. (They defined child-focused as that spent actively engaged with children in support of their physical and cognitive development, including reading to and playing with children, and helping them with homework, for example.) When they looked at how this data shook out for same-sex versus different-sex parents, they found that on average, women and men in same-sex couples, and women in different-sex couples, spent 100 minutes per day on child-focused activities. However, men in different-sex relationships spent on average just 50 minutes per day doing the same. This means that children with same-sex parents get an average of 3.5 combined focused daily hours of parenting, while those with different-sex parents get just 2.5. (See here for another startling finding pertaining to gender from the American Time Use Survey data.) The authors of the study point out that studies overwhelmingly show that poverty is the greatest threat to the development and well-being of Americas children, so those concerned about this issue should focus their energy on equalizing the great wealth and income divides that unjustly punish our youngest citizens. Further, the study shines light on the negative influence that traditional gender roles and norms can have on families and society at large, for its hard to imagine what else would cause straight men to spend less quality time with their kids than do gay men.

Gregory Stantons Eight Stages Of Genocide - 1884 Words

They had found what they were looking for, scientific proof that would justify a clear distinction between East African people, a distinction that would claim the lives of millions of innocent people. A separation that should ve been trivial and meaningless instead lead to superiority complexes and an ever-growing bitterness in the heart of the Hutu people. East Africa became a powder keg that finally exploded as Burundi divulged into a civil war. Genocide happens under three circumstances, war, decolonization, and national security; By using Gregory Stanton s Eight Stages of Genocide it becomes very apparent to us that the Tutsis not only systematically murdered the Hutu people but hid behind the cover of war to do it. Conflict in the†¦show more content†¦It is because of Hutu aggression that caused the Tutsi to hit back harder and begin their elimination of the Hutu people. America couldn t deal with Burundi because it was still fighting in Vietnam, a war in which they wer e losing and one where the American people wanted out. We couldn t direct resources to Africa because they were need in Vietnam. Besides external conflict America was suffering internally as the Watergate scandal began to come to light. The American people were fighting at home against the government and overseas against communism, they didn t have the time to deal with a small African country. Finally, other big players like China and the USSR were unwilling to help Burundi because there was no real benefit to it. Burundi had set itself up to become a capitalistic society so there was no real future between them and large communist countries. The growing tension in Burundi became overshadowed by more pressing matters and because of that Station s Eight Stages of Genocide went by unnoticed, starting with classification. Burundi s idea of classification was not new, it has been rooted in their history and making its reappearance because of fear. Burundi s idea of us vs. them began with colonization as Europeans had proven the Tutsi to be superior to the Hutu; the scientists found what they had believed all along. Tutsi had a ‘nobler , more ‘naturally aristocratic dimensions than the ‘coarse and ‘bestial Hutus.Show MoreRelatedThe Main Factors That Influenced The Rwandan Genocide1924 Words   |  8 PagesGenocide has the potential to occur in any society, however it commonly transpires under particular conditions. Gregory Stanton’s eight stages of genocide are designed to identify early warning signs and implement specific countermeasures to prevent genocide. The Rwandan genocide in 1994 was applicable to all stages of Gregory Stanton’s model however the model does not acknowledge and identify the underlying causes that triggered the initial stages of genoci de. The key factors that influencedRead MoreDistinguishing Qualities And Connecting Them To Jews, Like1401 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinguishing qualities and connecting them to Jews, like hooked noses. This, of course, leads into stage five. Stage five is organization. Stanton writes that â€Å"Genocide is always organized, usually by the state, often using militias to provide deniability of state responsibility.† The emphasis on the supremacy of the â€Å"Aryan race† and the German worker is depicted in the picture to the right with the strong Aryan man standing above individuals who are deemed inferior, such as intellectuals orRead MoreThey Often Use Euphemisms To Cloak Their Intentions, Such1632 Words   |  7 Pagesadvertising poster for the film, depicting a menacing looking Jew. This can also refer back to the early stage four in the anti-Semitic children’s books on the â€Å"poisonous Jew.† Stage number eight is Persecution. This step includes where â€Å"victims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity.† Stanton also mentions that, Death lists are drawn up. In state sponsored genocide, members of victim groups may be forced to wear identifying symbols. Their property is often expropriatedRead MoreThe 8 Stages of Genocide - Schindlers List1794 Words   |  8 PagesSchindler’s List According to Gregory H. Stanton, President of Genocide Watch there is 8 stages of Genocide and in his opinion Genocide is a progress that is developing in the eight stages and which is predictable and not inexorable. At each stage there are possibilities to stop or at least influence Genocide and Oskar Schindler’s deeds are one example of moral courage and active resistance to the worst Genocide in the history of humankind during the Second World War. The following text will deal

My Philosophy Of Education It Is Student Centered

My philosophy of education it is student centered, where teachers are facilitators contributing to optimize student’s potential. Educators should be equipped to serve, prepare, and help students to build a promising future full of opportunities. My vision as an educator is to optimize human potential. As an educator, I believe that students have the potential to learn, to apply in real life experiences what they have learned, and to serve equitably a diverse world. All students should have the access to an outstanding and excellent education where new challenges and higher expectations are embedded in the educational process. Areas such as intellect, emotions, and even physical are molded by an educator. Teachers are like potters; students are like vessels. Potters can construct a vessel or destroy it in the process. There is a lot of responsibility on teachers’ shoulders. Teachers need to guide and help students to be successful academically. Through education lives ar e transformed, knowledge is created, and students become future professionals to serve the world. Second language acquisition is a challenging process for any person. It requires time in order to master a second language. First language acquisition comes naturally without the person having to make a big effort in order to communicate with others. Teachers need to be sensitive to the student community. Every year I receive English Language Learners who struggle due to the language barrier. For some of them theShow MoreRelatedDraft Of Personal Philosophy Statement1268 Words   |  6 Pages7-2 Final Project Milestone Three: Draft of Personal Philosophy Statement In the field of higher education, I will welcome with open arms, accept, affirm, and celebrate all students by creating an environment that is equal and inclusive for all people regardless of their race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, cultural background, religion, family structure, economic status, learning ability, linguistic ability, and/or learning style. I will create an environment that includes positive, challengingRead More My Student-centered Teaching Philosophy Essay690 Words   |  3 PagesMy Student-centered Teaching Philosophy What makes a good teacher? There are many factors that determined the answers to this question. The most dominant factor is the teaching philosophy. It plays a significant role in the teaching career because it determines what the teacher will teach and how he/she will teach. Personally, my teaching philosophy will be student-centered with the combination of three related theories, and emphasis on each student’s individual needs, and teachingRead MoreChapter 8- Philosophy Of Education Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesZittleman, K.R. (2013). Teachers, Schools, and Society. (10th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. Chapter 8- Philosophy of Education pp. 250-257 The author mentions four elements of philosophies in education that may center on teachers and centered on students. Teacher- Centered Philosophies are mostly emphasizes the importance of transferring knowledge, information, and skills. One teacher-centered philosophy is Essentialism. Essentialism teaching the back to basic approach, which centers ‘building knowledgeRead MoreThe Teacher Centered Philosophies Of Education1098 Words   |  5 Pagesand science, writing and also reading. Teacher-centered philosophies of education require that children are educated using certain methods put into action by their teacher, as opposed to student-centered philosophies. Teaching methods are formed according to the needs and learning styles of individual students. Teacher-centered philosophies force the student to adjust to the teacher; with student-centered philosophies, the teacher adjusts to the student. An essentialist curriculum is structured toRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe philosophy of education is not a topic that can be fully taught and understood by reading and studying a textbook, or a few textbooks for that matter. I believe that the philosophy of education is somewhat subjective, rather than objective, and that there exists numerous answers to what is the â€Å"philosophy of education†. I feel that one’s answers can not be expressed with a single word nor a sentence; and that one has to â€Å"experience† rather than just read to find the answer. Yes, a huge part ofRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1335 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Finding Your Philosophy of Education Quiz.† While I enjoyed learning about the different philosophies and psychological influences of teaching, I prefer constructivism, social reconstruction, and progressivism due to their student-centered learning, hands-on or project based learning style, while making efforts to improve the world around them. I will be discussing why I chose progressivism, social reconstruction, and constructivism as my preferences, as well as the role of teachers and students in a democracyRead MoreAspects of Several Theories of Education956 Words   |  4 Pagesare several theories of education. There are teacher centered and student centered ones, each one has its pros and cons. Educators use all different kinds of philosophy, many even combine philosophies. .After researching and observing different ways of teaching I have found I like a lot of them but only few aspects of each. I do believe in a student centered atmosphere so Progressivism and Reconstructionism are most logical choices. Progressivism focuses on the students benefits, this theory allowsRead MoreI Am A Professional Teacher Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesteacher, it takes skill to train young minds. Education is extremely important to go through. Teachers have many different philosophies to choose from when teaching in a classroom. Out of the five philosophies, I ranked the highest in Essentialism and Progressivism. Both of these philosophies are taught entirely different from each other. Essentialism is teacher-centered learning and expresses the teaching by the core curriculum. Progressivism is student-centered learning and expresses the teaching by doingRead MoreSoren Kierkegaard And The Existentialist Philosophy1116 Words   |  5 Pages 2. The Existentialist philosophy, started by Soren Kierkegaard, focuses on self-directed education, finding answers within yourself. Students are not graded because all standards come from themselves. This philosophy emphasizes freedom of choice and mind, and that authentic creative thinking leads to true learning experiences (Cohen). The teacher helps students find their passions and understand who they are. Existentialism has never become prevalent in schools because it is difficult to apply inRead MoreWhy I Should Be A Teacher1076 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant because not all jobs have that. I feel like in order to be a teacher I need to have compassion for My students. As a teacher, I want to care for my students and show them appreciation. I want my students to succeed in what they want in life. According to Ferlazzo (2015), â€Å"Students work hardest for teachers they like and respect. When I am asked, â€Å"How do I get students to like and respect me?† my immediate response is, ‘Like and respect them first.’† I believe this whole heartedly because I have

The Role of Motherhood in Blood Wedding and Like Water for...

How do the mother and child relations, in the books, Blood Wedding and Like Water For Chocolate reveal the characteristics of the mothers? Mother and child relations are portrayed in our factual life, which affect the child, and it’s up bringing. Some relations are very solicitous and create a greater bond between each other, while some do not. The authors Federico Garcia Lorca and Laura Esquivel implement characters with relations of mother and child to show the characteristics of the mothers through their relations with their children, and form the plot. These relations and feelings between the two books Blood Wedding and Like Water For Chocolate connect to our real world. The qualities of a mother are expressed, through the†¦show more content†¦In contrary, Laura Esquivel portrays Mama Elena as a widow, who does not allow Tita to marry anyone, as long as Mama Elena lives; as per the De La Garza tradition. Mama Elena enforces her do all the chores in the house and treats her like a housekeeper. For Mama Elena, tradition was above her daughter, which obstructs Tita from being loved by her mother. Thus, this shows the affection between mother and child in the two books was opposite, which hints the audience the character of Mama Elena to be a selfish, stern and a ruthless mother, while the ‘Bridegroom’s Mother’ to be an affectionate, tender woman. Both the authors, Federico Garcia Lorca and Laura Esquivel show deep affection in between the mother-child bond. In Like Water For Chocolate, Tita nurses and feeds Rosaura’s child, without being a mother, which builds a mother and child relation between the two. Similarly, such affection is also portrayed when Leonardo’s wife sings a lullaby to her child, to put him to sleep. Thus, there is common affection in the books, to enable the reader/audience understand the real connection between mother and child. Both the mothers are possessive and care about their child to different extents. In Blood Wedding, the Mother lets her Husband and Leonardo’s son leave, which causes their death through Felix. Therefore, due to this loss the Mother suffered, she is more affectionate towards Leonardo. She then requests theShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesComprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 PsychologyRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages81 86 88 89 101 102 104 107 109 Stage One: Where are we now? Strategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Learning objectives Introduction Reviewing marketing effectiveness The role of SWOT analysis Competitive advantage and the value chain Conducting effective audits Summary 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 Learning objectives Introduction The clarification of

Traditional Family In A Post Modern Society Free Essays

string(68) " therefore pushes for this diversity to be accepted within society\." In a post modern society such as Britain, are traditional family and marriage necessary? This essay will explore whether traditional family and marriage are necessary in Britain today. The change of societal views and attitudes will need to be considered, as well as analyzing statistical evidence. The ideology of the family and marriage will then be discussed and contrasted, in relation to various theoretical perspectives such as functionalism and post modernism. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Family In A Post Modern Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Government views and policies will also be reviewed in order to show how family has evolved for various family types. Before discussing if there is a necessity for traditional family and marriage in Britain today, it only seems logical to first understand what is meant by the term traditional family. A traditional family or nuclear family, as it is sometimes referred to as, consists of a heterosexual monogamous couple that are legally bound through marriage and their healthy, dependent 2. Children, Muncie et al. (1999). There is usually a clear division of labor where the male predominantly plays the instrumental role of the breadwinner and the female predominantly plays her expressive role as the homemaker and care giver, Bernard (1997). This is based on the theory of Functionalism (which has dominated theories until the mid 20th century). They seem to place importance on the division of labor, as they believe that this structure is the most effective way of performing family functi ons. This image of family would have been very accurate if it was based families around the 20th century as it was considered to be the norm, to get married and have a family with males and females playing their respective biological roles. According to Pascal (1986) in Muncie et al (1 999, pop), the Beverage Report recognized three key characteristics of the associated with the idea of he family; 1 Women are available to do housework and care for children and elderly relatives, without pay. 2 Couples consist of one full-time worker (usually a male breadwinner) and one ‘housewife’ whose work outside the home is insignificant†¦ Women look to men for financial support. As time has evolved the idea of what family is has become varied and not quite as meticulous in its structure, although this is still the image of some households. These characteristics that are noted in The Beverage Report may be deemed as dated by most individuals in the 21 SST century, as it is evident th at family Structure has changed dramatically. This report would have been disregarded by feminists, as a patriarchal family is not what they believe in. This clearly shows the woman as being dependent on a man. According to data from the Office of National Statistics (2012), it is clear that the nuclear family (married parents with an average of 2 child dependents) has continued to be the most ordinary family type, although this number has slowly begun to decrease as the years have moved on. What can also be identified is that the number of people in other family types, for example single parent families and same-sex families, has begun to increase gradually. This suggests that people are beginning to accept that ‘family’ does not have to be the ‘traditional nuclear family. The fact that it is documented at all shows that there is no huge necessity for marriage as there once was. Also there is the opinion as per Duncan and Phillips (2008, up), that ‘marriage and unmarried cohabitation are socially similar (as agreed by two-thirds of individuals when surveyed) and one-third felt that ‘unmarried cohabitation shows as much commitment as marriage’. There is also the suggestion that cohabiting relationships are actually lasting longer, for example in 2006 it was . 9 years, compared to 6. 5 years in 2000. This demonstrates how views and relationship types have changed in Britain, as if this survey Was done in the early 20th century there probably would have been remarkable difference in the responses and the types of relationship people were part of. Postmodernists such as Bernard (1997) believe that society needs to accept family diversity, as you would accept different classes, ethnicities and sexual orientation. This assumption of their only being one proper family form needs to be eradicated, as anything outside of this form will been seen as inferior. Morocco (1968) cited in Muncie et al. 1999) suggested the idea of the nuclear family as being a universal. The traditional nuclear family is based on the ideology of families. This ideology is shaped by both the state and the media and it seems to be heavily promoted, whereas other family types might be seen as deviant. It could be argued that this idea of a traditional family is becoming less of an option. According to Elution in F ox (2009, IPPP-459) in order for some families to cope with the strain of ‘domestic labor and paid employment’, both spouses are having to share the responsibility of reducing a salary through paid work. This suggests that in some households the option of a traditional family lifestyle is unavailable to them, based on the way in which this capitalist state has evolved. According to Duncan and Phillips (2008, Pl), ‘Family life is no longer equated with the married couple’. This implies that this model of the family could be seen as unrealistic in this present modern society, as it simply ignores the different variations that we can now expect within a family unit, such as single parent families, same-sex families and step families to name a few. The legislation is that there is no family norm and no definite definition to the term family. ‘Marriage, as a social institution, may have simply been reformed, widened and ‘modernized’ rather than being ‘decreed’†¦ If this family form were indeed ‘decreed’, we would expect to find that those who live apart from their partners, solo living and same-sex partnerships are seen as equivalent, rather than inferior family forms’, Duncan and Phillips (2008, pop). The Postmodernism approach seems to take this diversity of family types into account and therefore pushes for this diversity to be accepted within society. You read "Traditional Family In A Post Modern Society" in category "Family" This could be considered to be a more appropriate observation of British society today. This approach family is characterized by ‘choice, freedom, diversity, ambivalence and fluidity’, Harmless and Holbrook (2007, IPPP). This suggests that individuals are more open to live their lives as they please, without judgment and humiliation. According to McNeil et al (2003, up) more and more people delay forming their own families; some may choose to remain Single or childless. This has led some sociologists to argue that there is such a thing as a postmodern family. This is a more modernized term that Seems to embody what British society is like today. Maybe the term traditional family needs to become redundant and replaced by the more flexible term postmodern family? This may be seen as a more appropriate portrayal of family life in a post modern society. Post-war women had the demands of devoting their lives to their men with domestic roles becoming imminent, Muncie et al (1999). The roles of women have now changed, for the majority. They now have more rights which could affect the dynamics of the family. In the past a non married woman might have been considered to be a spinster, but now they tend to be labeled as independent professional women. Some of these changes are down to feminists taking a stand for equal treatment of men and women and eliminating patriarchy, Bernard (1997). This can be evidenced with the Equal Pay Act in 1970, where feminists thought for the right for women to be paid the same salary as their male counterparts, when doing the same role, Lynn Seal in Muncie et al (1997). Another major turning point for women was in 1 918 when they were finally given the right to vote, after years of campaigning from the suffragists and suffragettes, Women and the Vote, (no date). It is apparent that feminists have conflicting views to the functionalists ND new right regarding the idea of the traditional nuclear family, as they would possibly prefer a more symmetrical family where the authority is shared. They might argue that traditional family and marriage are not necessary, as traditional family in particular is perceived as more beneficial to men. Gender appears to be Of some importance, as stated by Duncan and Phillips (2008, up), because ‘according to individualistic theory it is women who often lead change, as they break away from traditional and ‘antidisestablishmentarianism and seek fairer and more equal ones’. Feminists Barrett and McIntosh (1 982), maintain that this traditional nuclear family type is anti-social because it exploits women and benefits capitalism, whilst perceiving the more unconventional family types as in adequate. It is evident that societal attitudes have changed over time regarding the acceptance of the various family lifestyle choices. Society has become ethnically diverse and it could be considered as less judgmental. One of the most recent examples of this change is the consideration, by the coalition government, for gay marriages. The bill is to be submitted as early as next ear; with it becoming law by as early as 2015, Hennessey (2012). This insinuates that the coalition government are starting to adopt a more post modern view regarding family and marriage. Although according to McCarthy and Edwards (2011 a more recent concept known as New right, which supports many of the primary functionalist beliefs including the importance of monogamous marriage, the nuclear family and the division of labor in maintaining stability within society, is the view currently held by the coalition government. According to Mainland (2012) Deed Mainland has stated that, â€Å"There are many ay couples of faith and there are many faith groups that embrace gay people and so it’s only right for faith groups that wish to conduct same-sex marriages to be allowed to do so under law†. He believes that there needs to be marriage equality for gay couples with the ‘right to marry in churches, synagogues and meeting houses’ that are willing to accommodate them. If this bill is pasted it may well be another significant triumph for the equality of gay couples since their right to adopt in the UK in 2005 and being allowed to have civil partnerships in 2005, Ross, Gas and Barrington (2011). These hanged were made through The New Labor Government from 1 997, which seemed to embrace the reality of the diversity of family types. This action can be perceived as necessary as it shows that the government have been taking steps to establishing equality and rights for gay people and regarding them as they would a married couple. They also showed great support for single mothers offering them financial support and paid childcare, Bourbons (2012). This in itself could be seen as evidence of traditional family not being necessary in Britain today and it also shows the support that is been received y these supposed ‘deviant’ family types. This illustrates the rights that gay couples are starting to receive which are the same as a married couple and the support that single parents get from the state. Single parent families are becoming more common with the rise in divorce and separation. Since the Divorce Reform Act 1969 there has been a rise in divorce in England and Wales, Bourbons (2009). Also Rodgers (2011) explains how Data published by the Office for National Statistics, indicates that since 2009 there has been a 4. 9% increase from 113,949 to 119,589 in 2010. Single parent families seem o bring about the idea of living in a welfare state, where some individuals are preoccupied by state handouts instead of actually supporting themselves. Margaret Thatcher gave a speech in 1 987, which she clearly shows her condemnation of how society had become. She maintained that some individuals became complacent and dependent on the state to provide for them, because of the benefits that they were permitted to. She suggested that, ‘people have got the entitlements too much in mind without the obligations’, Key (1987). This suggests that some individuals take advantage f the help that is offered and decide not to satiate their obligations of I. E. Trying to find a job. It can be considered as an effortless alternative for some, enabling their unwillingness to work. Although the welfare state was initially aimed at tackling poverty, it became apparent to some that it actually created more problems. Locks (2000) stated that the idea of the ‘nanny stats? and a ‘culture of dependency’ started to emerge. It seems very fitting that the government is now trying to put a stop to this reliance on the state by capping the benefits that out of work individuals are entitled to (http:// www. Conservatives. Com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Jobs_and_Welfare. Asps; no date). It will be made law that anyone claiming out of work benefits will not be able to receive more than EWE,OHO per year, which is what the average person earns in employment. By implementing this cap, in 201 3, the government could be seen as trying to create a much fairer system for families and possibly promoting the notion that everyone should work. Although there has been a rise in divorce rates there also seems to be a high level of remarriage, which means that the number of reconstituted families is also on the rise as indicated by Duncan and Phillips (2008). This could signify that marriage and family is still of some importance to most individuals and regarded as necessary, although there is a rise in divorce, these same individuals are still opting to remarry and create their own family form. In conclusion, it is evident that traditional family and marriage are not necessary in a post modern society such as Britain, although it is still considered as important to some individuals. Family in general seems to have some importance to most individuals, regardless of the family form. The rotational nuclear family is still seen as the preferred family type according to New right and Functionalists; nonetheless it seems realistic to accept that society has become more flexible in regards to their views on family due to the changes that have occurred. Looking at family from a postmodernist and feminist view it is evident that society is diverse and it makes sense to adopt an understanding nature towards family situations and types. How to cite Traditional Family In A Post Modern Society, Essays

J.D. Salinger Essay Example For Students

J.D. Salinger Essay Many critics consider J.D. Salinger a very controversial writer, for the subject matters that he writes. . J.D. Salingers works were generally written during two time periods. The first time period was during World War II, and the second time period was during the 1960s. Critics feel that the works during the 1960 time period were very inappropriate, because of the problems for which he wrote. The main characters were generally misfits of society. In most of his works, he has the protagonist of the story go on a quest for happiness. Salinger does not conform to the material happiness; the characters undergo a spiritual happiness. The characters generally start out as in bad conditions, through the end of his works they undergone changes that change them for the better. The works of J.D. Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. Salingers works often use religion in order to portray comfort. In Salingers Nine Stories Franny Glass keeps reciting the Jesus Prayer to cope with the suicide of her brother Seymour (Bloom in Bryfonski and Senick 69). Salinger is able to use this prayer as a means of comfort for Franny. The prayer stands for the last hope for Franny in this situation. Franny would be lost if there were no prayer. (Bryfonski and Senick 71). Salinger shows us comfort in Catcher in the Rye. Holden Caufield, the protagonist, is very much in despair for losing his girlfriend, so Caufield reads a passage in the Bible. This helps Holden change his outlook on life (Salzberg 75). Holden was all-alone at this point and had no one to turn back on, until he found the Bible (Salzberg 76). In both stories the characters had found themselves in bad situations. The characters in these works have obstacles, which they must overcome in order to achieve happiness (Salzman 34). Happiness is the !very substance which all of these characters are striving for in Salingers works. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. Salinger uses religion as a means for liberation. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation (Madsen 93). In Nine Stories one of the characters, Seymour Glass, is portrayed as Buddha in the sense that he wants to be liberated as Buddha was in his life (Madsen 93). Seymour Glass in Nine Stories has a certain philosophy about life, it is similar to the Eightfold Path used by Buddha when achieving nirvana (French in Matuz 212). Seymour Glass is on a quest to become free from all of the suffering in his life as Buddha was from his life (French in Matuz 213). Seymour follows the Eight fold path to become liberated from suffering (Madsen 96). Seymour achieves nirvana by living a good life and end anything that causes suffering .Seymour is able to attain nirvana by committing suicide (Lundquist in Matuz 211). Salinger shows us that when Seymour committed suicide he let go of all of the suffering that he encountered, thus attaining the happiness he longed for (French, Salinger Revisited 132). Salinger shows liberation as an end to all suffering, thus creating happiness for the character. (French, Salinger Revisited 133).The final function of religion as a means to attain happiness was to gain peace. In The Young Lion, Salinger uses religion to gain peace through a fictitious war. In the story many of the soldiers were dying and the countries were in turmoil (Lundquist 312). The leaders in the story see a vision on the battlefield that changes them, and stops the war (Lundquist 315). Salinger shows how religion can be a force used to create happiness in a story, by creating peace (Lundquist 313). Salinger is able to use religion as a means of attaining happiness through peace. 1984:Dangers of Totalitarianism EssayD. Salinger 66). The characters in J.D. Salingers works start out in bad situations. Through the use of lucky symbols their life is changed to what will make them happy. Salinger uses symbolism in his works also to foreshadow a better life. In Long Debut of Louis Taggett the symbol of a cigarette being put out foreshadows the end of a marriage (Galloway in Curley and Kramer 58). The end of this marriage for Louis Taggett, means good for his life (Galloway in Curley and Kramer 61). Louis at the end of the story is able to concentrate more on his job, where he meets the woman that will really love him, and find wealth and prosperity (Galloway in Curley and Kramer 59). This symbolism to foreshadow is one of many examples of how Salinger uses symbolism to predict a better life (Galloway in Curley and Kramer 61). Salinger many times use subtle, but important symbols to foreshadow better things (Galloway in Curley and Kramer 62). The character, in this work, has suffered through hardships. The characters life is in a total mess at the time. Salinger also shows foreshadowing to a better life through The Last Day of the Last Furlough (Matuz 157). In the story John Hendren is able Salinger uses symbolism for the character to fulfill his quest for happiness(Matuz 148)John Hendren who is in World War II, has always wore large wooden necklace given to him by his mother (Matuz 148). This same necklace stops a bullet, which could have killed him(Matuz 149). John is later awarded a medal of respect for his valiant effort, giving him lots of fame(Matuz 149). Salinger show such symbols provide happiness to the lives of people (Wenke 237). Salinger uses allusion from other works to show how happiness will be fulfilled. In Salingers Catcher in the Rye, Salinger refers greatly in one chapter to ducks in central park. The ducks are in context to a scripture in the Bible, which tells of how the ducks are free (Galloway in Bloom 53). Salinger later explains that Holden will become free as these ducks (Galloway in Bloom 54). In Catcher in the Rye Holdens main purpose was to be free from the suffering (Galloway in Bloom 58). The ducks represented how he would feel, being happy (Galloway in Bloom 56). Salinger also shows his symbolism from other works through the work of Mark Twain. Salinger portrays how Holden in Catcher in the Rye changes to a different man when he is at the water fountain in Central Park, as the case in Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn in which Huck changes when he is on the Mississippi River (Grunwald in Bloom 64). Salinger uses symbolism from other books in his books to convey how the characters in his works will change for a better life (Grunwald in Bloom 67). Salinger uses much of the symbolism to show how the life of the characters has become happy. Salinger uses symbols to show the turning point of the characters lives. He shows that these symbols will change their lives for the better. The works of Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. Salingers writings deal with characters fulfilling their quest for happiness. He would have the characters accomplish their quest by going through obstacles, in which they learned about their lives. He employed the religion, loneliness, and symbolism as means for the characters to understand how to obtain happiness in life. The writings of the Salinger, become very important for this time period, because he goes against the grain of society to show how it is wrong. The writings of Salinger, while they may have been excellent in style, have become very controversial for what he has portrayed in the society during this time period. Words/ Pages : 1,969 / 24

Business internationalization for Cultural- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness internationalizationfor Cultural Environment. Answer: Introduction This report analyses the major five factors influencing the selection of the entry mode for Starbucks into the markets of Croatia and Japan. The entry mode for a business internationalization defines the strategies which is used by the organization in order to successfully extend its business into the foreign markets. The factors analyzed in this report significantly influence this selection process of the organization (Wach, 2014). Cultural Environment The cultural environment of both Croatia and Japan allows foreign organizations to sell their products in the corresponding markets. The people living in the corresponding societies are generally interested in exploring new products and services along with new international brands. This in turn allows the cultural environment of both Croatia and Japan to be positive for the business expansion of Starbucks. The most recommended entry mode of Starbucks into the markets of Japan and Croatia would be to provide license to a local organization for an efficient joint venture between that company and Starbucks International. This licensed joint venture will allow the popular local organization to have good business in the corresponding markets (Beladi, 2016). Political and Legal Environments The political and legal environments of Japan and Croatia influence the entry mode for Starbucks to the corresponding markets. This factor of both the countries influences the entry mode of Starbucks in different ways. The legal environment along with the political condition of Japan causes the operation costs and exporting costs to be quite high. So, the entry mode for the markets of Japan would be recommended to be foreign direct investment instead of exporting. This in turn will require Starbucks to invest directly in the corresponding markets in Japan for its business operations. Whereas the operation costs and exporting costs for the markets in Croatia will be normal due to the existing political and legal conditions of the country. The import regulations and legislations in Croatia allows the foreign organizations to export materials with less costs and in a seamless manner. So, the entry mode for the markets of Croatia based on its political and legal conditions should be expo rting instead of foreign direct investment (Brem, 2017). Market Size The size of the market for Starbucks in Croatia and Japan is another significant factor affecting the entry mode of the organization into the corresponding markets. The markets for Starbucks in Japan has a lot of potential along with its huge size. This immensely large opportunity in the corresponding markets of Japan can yield a lot of value for the business processes of Starbucks if the organization choses the method of foreign direct investment for the expansion of its business into Japan. So, the entry mode for Starbucks into the markets of Japan should be the process of foreign direct investment. But the current amount of opportunities present in the markets of Croatia isnt enough for the process of foreign direct investment. But the organization can choose the entry mode of exporting for expanding its business into Croatia, which in turn allows the completion of the business expansion process with limited costs overhead (Lee, 2016). Production and Shipping Costs The production and shipping costs are another set of significant factors that influence the process of determining the entry mode for a market. The production costs in Japan is quite low as compared to the host country of Starbucks, which in turn allows the organization to have foreign direct investment and licensing along with joint venture to be the recommended mode of entry. But the export and import regulations along with costs in Japan are quite high, which in turn makes it inefficient to enter into the market with an exporting entry mode. But in case of Croatia, the costs of importing along with the regulations allow the organization to have minimal cost overhead, which in turn can be used as the entry mode for Starbucks. So, Starbucks can use the exporting entry model to expand its business into the markets of Croatia. The production of the required ingredients along with materials isnt very efficient in Croatia due to unavailability of certain resources along with skilled emp loyees (Rask, 2014). International Experience The international experience of the organization along with its exposure into various types of markets influences the decision of entry mode into a market to a significant extent. So, the entry mode of Starbucks into the markets of Japan should be joint venture along with foreign direct investments. The biggest reason for this recommendation is the limited experience of the management of Starbucks has with the references and buying behavior of the customers in the countries of East Asia, specifically Japan. So, the entry mode for Starbucks for the Japanese market should yield maximum value out of a joint venture with a local organization operating in the same industry (Wach, 2014). The local company supports the management of Starbucks to identify, anticipate and satisfy the needs of the customers efficiently. Croatia is a European country and Starbucks has enough experience of operating in various European countries. This in turn allows Starbucks to have an efficient business expans ion into the Croatian markets with the exporting entry mode along with the assumption of full control over the operations. This in turn allows Starbucks to yield maximum value from the business operations in the Croatian markets through export and effective control of all the business operations (Gubik, 2014). Conclusion The report analyzed the most important factors affecting the process of deciding the entry mode for the business expansion of Starbucks into the Japanese and Croatian markets. The analysis of these factors revealed the best entry mode for the Japanese markets to be foreign direct investment along with joint venture. The report also identified the exporting entry mode to be the most suitable for the expansion of Starbucks into the Croatian markets (Apetrei, 2015). References Apetrei, A., Kureshi, N.I. and Horodnic, I.A., 2015. When culture shapes international business.Journal of Business Research,68(7), pp.1519-1521. Beladi, H., Dutta, M. and Kar, S., 2016. FDI and Business Internationalization of the Unorganized Sector: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing.World Development,83, pp.340-349. Brem, A. and Viardot, E., 2017. Revolution of Innovation Management: Internationalization and Business Models. InRevolution of Innovation Management (pp. 1-13). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Gubik, A.S. and Wach, K. eds., 2014.International Entrepreneurship and Corporate Growth in Visegrad Countries. University of Miskolc. Lee, W.S., Kim, I. and Moon, J., 2016. Determinants of restaurant internationalization: an upper echelons theory perspective.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(12). Rask, M., 2014. Internationalization through business model innovation: In search of relevant design dimensions and elements.Journal of International Entrepreneurship,12(2), pp.146-161. Wach, K., 2014. The Role of Knowledge in the Internationalisation Process: An Empirical Investigation among Polish Businesses.International Competitiveness in Visegrad Countries: Macro and Micro Perspectives, pp.143-158. Wach, K., 2014. Theoretical Framework of the Firm-Level Internationalisation in Business Studies.Patterns of Business Internationalisation in Visegrad Countries: In Serach for Regional Specifics, pp.13-30.